Error 1271: Illegal mix of collations for operation

Error Code	SQLSTATE	Error	Description
1271	HY000	ER_CANT_AGGREGATE_NCOLLATIONS	Illegal mix of collations for operation '%s'

Possible Causes and Solutions

This error occurs when attempting to combine (e.g., using UNION) two tables where the same column has different collation types. To resolve this, one of the column's collations must be adjusted to match the other.

Diagnosing Collation Types

To identify the collation type of a column, you can use the following query:

SELECT COLUMN_NAME, COLLATION_NAME
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'your_database_name'
AND TABLE_NAME = 'your_table_name';

For a comprehensive comparison, you might want to join table1 and table2 based on the COLUMN_NAME to visually inspect the collation differences.

Resolving Collation Conflicts

Assuming one column is using utf8mb3_general_ci and the other utf8mb3_unicode_ci, you can standardize the collation for a particular operation as follows:

SELECT column COLLATE utf8mb3_unicode_ci
FROM table;

This command temporarily adjusts the collation for column during the SELECT operation to utf8mb3_unicode_ci, ensuring consistent collation for the operation.

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