Syntax

BIT_COUNT(N)

Description

Returns the number of bits that are set in the argument N.

Examples

SELECT BIT_COUNT(29), BIT_COUNT(b'101010');
+---------------+----------------------+
| BIT_COUNT(29) | BIT_COUNT(b'101010') |
+---------------+----------------------+
|             4 |                    3 |
+---------------+----------------------+

_{This page is licensed: GPLv2, originally from fill_help_tables.sql}

Syntax

~

Description

Bitwise NOT. Converts the value to 4 bytes binary and inverts all bits.

Examples

SELECT 3 & ~1;
+--------+
| 3 & ~1 |
+--------+
|      2 |
+--------+

SELECT 5 & ~1;
+--------+
| 5 & ~1 |
+--------+
|      4 |
+--------+

See Also

• Operator Precedence

_{This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL}

Syntax

|

Description

Bitwise OR. Converts the values to binary and compares bits. If either of the corresponding bits has a value of 1, the resulting bit is also 1.

See also bitwise AND.

Examples

SELECT 2|1;
+-----+
| 2|1 |
+-----+
|   3 |
+-----+

SELECT 29 | 15;
+---------+
| 29 | 15 |
+---------+
|      31 |
+---------+

See Also

• Operator Precedence

_{This page is licensed: GPLv2, originally from fill_help_tables.sql}

Syntax

^

Description

Bitwise XOR. Converts the values to binary and compares bits. If one (and only one) of the corresponding bits is 1 is the resulting bit also 1.

Examples

SELECT 1 ^ 1;
+-------+
| 1 ^ 1 |
+-------+
|     0 |
+-------+

SELECT 1 ^ 0;
+-------+
| 1 ^ 0 |
+-------+
|     1 |
+-------+

SELECT 11 ^ 3;
+--------+
| 11 ^ 3 |
+--------+
|      8 |
+--------+

See Also

• Operator Precedence

_{This page is licensed: GPLv2, originally from fill_help_tables.sql}

Syntax

&

Description

Bitwise AND. Converts the values to binary and compares bits. Only if both the corresponding bits are 1 is the resulting bit also 1.

See also bitwise OR.

Examples

SELECT 2&1;
+-----+
| 2&1 |
+-----+
|   0 |
+-----+

SELECT 3&1;
+-----+
| 3&1 |
+-----+
|   1 |
+-----+

SELECT 29 & 15;
+---------+
| 29 & 15 |
+---------+
|      13 |
+---------+

See Also

• Operator Precedence

_{This page is licensed: GPLv2, originally from fill_help_tables.sql}

Parentheses are sometimes called precedence operators - this means that they can be used to change the other operator's precedence in an expression. The expressions that are written between parentheses are computed before the expressions that are written outside. Parentheses must always contain an expression (that is, they cannot be empty), and can be nested.

For example, the following expressions could return different results:

• NOT a OR b

• NOT (a OR b)

In the first case, NOT applies to a, so if a is FALSE or b is TRUE, the expression returns TRUE. In the second case, NOT applies to the result of a OR b, so if at least one of a or b is TRUE, the expression is TRUE.

When the precedence of operators is not intuitive, you can use parentheses to make it immediately clear for whoever reads the statement.

The precedence of the NOT operator can also be affected by the HIGH_NOT_PRECEDENCE SQL_MODE flag.

Other uses

Parentheses must always be used to enclose subqueries.

Parentheses can also be used in a JOIN statement between multiple tables to determine which tables must be joined first.

Also, parentheses are used to enclose the list of parameters to be passed to built-in functions, user-defined functions and stored routines. However, when no parameter is passed to a stored procedure, parentheses are optional. For builtin functions and user-defined functions, spaces are not allowed between the function name and the open parenthesis, unless the IGNORE_SPACE SQL_MODE is set. For stored routines (and for functions if IGNORE_SPACE is set) spaces are allowed before the open parenthesis, including tab characters and new line characters.

Syntax errors

If there are more open parentheses than closed parentheses, the error usually looks like this:

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that
corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near '' a
t line 1

Note the empty string.

If there are more closed parentheses than open parentheses, the error usually looks like this:

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that
corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near ')'
at line 1

Note the quoted closed parenthesis.

_{This page is licensed: CC BY-SA / Gnu FDL}

Syntax

value1 << value2

Description

Converts a longlong (BIGINT) number (value1) to binary and shifts value2 units to the left.

Examples

SELECT 1 << 2;
+--------+
| 1 << 2 |
+--------+
|      4 |
+--------+

See Also

• Operator Precedence

_{This page is licensed: GPLv2, originally from fill_help_tables.sql}

Syntax

value1 >> value2

Description

Converts a longlong (BIGINT) number (value1) to binary and shifts value2 units to the right.

Examples

SELECT 4 >> 2;
+--------+
| 4 >> 2 |
+--------+
|      1 |
+--------+

See Also

• Operator Precedence

_{This page is licensed: GPLv2, originally from fill_help_tables.sql}

Description

The constants TRUE and FALSE evaluate to 1 and 0, respectively. The constant names can be written in any lettercase.

Examples

SELECT TRUE, true, FALSE, false;
+------+------+-------+-------+
| TRUE | TRUE | FALSE | FALSE |
+------+------+-------+-------+
|    1 |    1 |     0 |     0 |
+------+------+-------+-------+

_{This page is licensed: GPLv2, originally from fill_help_tables.sql}